Temporomandibular disorder, also known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD or TMJD), refers to a group of health problems relating to the jaw and mandibles. TMD primarily affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) – the joint responsible for facial movements such as smiling, chewing, and yawning.
Its main characteristics are pain and discomfort caused by teeth grinding and jaw clenching. It’s not the most serious of diseases, but can worsen over time if left untreated.
If painkillers aren’t cutting it for you, our highly skilled TMJ specialists at Toorak Dental Studio can alleviate and resolve your TMD with a number of alternative TMJ treatments. If you think you might have TMD, read on to learn about identifying and getting rid of the dysfunction.
Comparison illustration of normal jaw and Temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
What are the causes of TMD?
TMD is relatively common, as around 20-30% of adults experience the disorder during their lifetime in some way or another. Most cases are mild, but all can be caused by a variety of factors.
The two most common causes of TMD are teeth grinding and jaw clenching. They often occur subconsciously, either out of habit or during sleep. People who bite their nails are more prone to TMD, because the biting action contracts the jaw muscles.
Stress and anxiety is another common cause of TMD, largely because this often leads to teeth grinding, jaw clenching, and nail biting. Regular stress can also prolong the effects of TMD, even after treatment.
There are also hereditary and medical factors that contribute to TMD. Genetics can influence whether a person is more susceptible to getting TMD, while pre-existing medical conditions that affect the joints – such as arthritis – can also cause TMJ disorder.
Certain activities can also increase a person’s chances of acquiring TMD. Research indicates that playing the violin can lead to increased jaw pain and a likelier risk of developing TMD. Similarly, activities which cause head trauma – like boxing – can cause TMD.
What are the signs and symptoms of TMD?
The symptoms of TMD can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, almost all of which cause some level of pain and discomfort for the sufferer. Symptoms usually affect the cranial area, including the jaw, ears, and head.
Facial pain is a common sign of TMD, and sufferers often experience pain or discomfort around the jaw, mouth, ears, teeth, neck, and temples, which is often aggravated by movement. Frequent headaches are also a symptom of TMD.
TMD sufferers may also experience fatigue and dizziness as a result of ear blockages or facial pain. This can lead to further complications, including tinnitus.
Unpleasant and uncomfortable sounds are also characteristic symptoms of TMD. Affected people describe these sounds as popping, clicking, and grinding when moving the jaw.
TMD treatments and cures
Fortunately, TMD often manifests itself in mild forms, meaning symptoms often disappear on their own with time. In some cases, however, TMD can worsen if left untreated.
There are many treatments for TMD, ranging from simple jaw exercises to more orthodontic or surgical procedures. A doctor or dentist will perform a diagnosis by asking you several questions about the frequency and severity of your pain, before selecting which treatment to offer you.
Often, doctors will prescribe pain relief medication or teach you jaw exercises to strengthen the muscles and alleviate the pain. They will also recommend you reduce the stress in your life, depending on your lifestyle.
Dentists can treat TMD by fitting you with a soft retainer to wear at night, which helps reduce teeth grinding during sleep. They can also provide orthodontic treatments, such as dentures and bite rehabilitation operations.
To learn more about our TMD treatments, or to schedule an appointment, contact Toorak Dental Studio today. We look forward to helping you achieve a healthy, beautiful smile!